In 2010, Duke Energy adopted its first carbon dioxide emissions reduction target – it planned to reduce emissions 17% below the 2005 levels by 2020. The Clean Power Plan (CPP) was finalised in 2015 by the US Environmental Protection Agency, targeting power generation emissions reductions of 32% by 2030 relative to 2005. The Supreme Court stayed the CPP’s requirements in early 2016 and it was never implemented.

Reflecting our engagement requests, Centrica has set ambitious targets for the reduction of the emissions of its customers, which comprise over 90% of the emissions associated with its business, together with a commitment to set a pathway to net-zero emissions by 2050, in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

The award-winning study ‘ESG shareholder engagement and downside risk’, which uses engagement data from Hermes EOS, reveals that companies that are successfully engaged by EOS exhibit a lower risk profile, particularly when environmental issues are tackled.

KLK has strengthened its labour standards and disclosure, following allegations of deforestation and poor labour standards in 2012 and 2013.

Where is modern industrial agriculture taking us?

Climate risk is often characterised as physical risk or transitional risk - terminology popularised by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).