One way US Federal Reserve leaders stay on message is to repeat words. Chair Jerome Powell certainly does, though sometimes the soundbites come back to haunt him – remember “transitory”? In the last few Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings, he struck a cadence with “confidence”; at 31 July’s post-meeting press conference, it was “balance.”
The reference was twofold, and amounted to the main news because the Fed, as expected, did not cut rates. The first, related to the Fed’s dual mandate, came in his opening remarks: “As the labour market has cooled and inflation has declined, the risks to achieving our employment and inflation goals continue to move into better balance.” In other words, further weakening in US employment is now as important to policy decisions as inflation, which has long been the reason for the tightening cycle.
But Powell also invoked the concept of balance to explain the importance of timing, saying the risks of easing too soon or too late are now essentially symmetrical. Either misstep could damage the economy, respectively sending it into a recession or into a trap in which inflation reaccelerates.
Further weakening in US employment is now as important to policy decisions as inflation.
The stakes are high, enough so that it appears the Fed isn’t going to conform to the conventional wisdom that it doesn’t make major policy decisions close to a presidential election to avoid the appearance of political motivation. Powell basically said that if economic reports call for a rate cut in September, they will enact one. In fact, not moving might seem politically motivated. This puts a great deal of weight on his keynote address at the Fed’s annual monetary policy symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, later this month.
Not that the fed funds futures market will care. After more-or-less aligning themselves with the Fed’s rate projections over the last several months, traders are now expecting cuts in each of the three remaining meetings this year. They have again become so dovish we should call them by the bird’s scientific name, Columbidae Streptopelia risoria. In contrast, we are sticking to our call of only two quarter-point eases this year, with the first likely to come in September.
While monetary policy invites debate and bets, US Treasury Department market action usually doesn’t – it comes down to issuance. Its quarterly refunding announcement in May included an estimate of third-quarter borrowing needs. But in late July, it revised that number down by more than US$100bn, reflecting the slower pace of US Treasuries rolling off the Fed’s balance sheet. In other news, the US Treasury Department’s recently initiated ‘buyback’ programme seems to be going well. The announced plans to engage in ‘cash-management’ buybacks are in addition to the liquidity support ones already underway. These cash-management buybacks may help to smooth US Treasury bill issuance over the September corporate tax date.
A few notes
The US bank earnings season has almost concluded with no material credit concerns, especially for the large banks that most money managers finance.
We are not privy to the goings-on of other firms, but it appears that investment managers handled the global technology disruption caused by the CloudStrike outage well. It is a reminder, however, that vigilance extends beyond portfolio management.
In July, we concluded our line-up changes brought about by the new US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules. We consolidated some funds and shifted multi-strike funds to a single-strike structure when appropriate. The industry appears to be doing the same. Through it all, investments continue to flow into liquidity products.
Global central banks
While two major central banks stayed put in July, four made changes (including one on 1 August). Like the Fed, the European Central Bank kept its deposit rate steady (at 3.75%), though President Christine Lagarde said a cut is possible in September. But the Bank of England trimmed rates by a quarter-percentage point today to 5% despite sticky inflation in the UK, and the Bank of Canada cut its benchmark interest rate by a quarter point in July for the second month in a row. It now sits at 4.5%, with officials saying more reductions are likely if inflation cools as they anticipate. The People’s Bank of China slightly reduced its overnight rate from 1.8% to 1.7%, its first ease since August 2023. This was a minor surprise, as was news from Bank of Japan (BoJ). Against projections for no change, it hiked rates by essentially a quarter-point, from 0-0.1% to 0.25%, the highest borrowing costs in Japan have been in a decade-and-a-half. The BoJ also revealed it will slow bond buying. Governor Kazuo Ueda’s remarks were dovish, saying that lifting rates again in 2024 is on the table if inflation continues to creep up.
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